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      028-Android存储（3）：assets文件详解
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    <p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://cupster.blog.csdn.net/article/details/113884778">【5年Android从零复盘系列之二十八】Android存储（3）：assets文件</a></p>
<hr />

<p><strong>【代码是最好的老师】</strong></p>
<h1 id="1-概述"><a href="#1-概述" class="headerlink" title="1.概述"></a>1.概述</h1><ol>
<li>assets目录用于存储app的原始文件</li>
<li>assets目录下所有文件不会被编译，会被原样打包进APK</li>
<li>使用特定工具类AssetManager读取Assets目录下文件</li>
<li>通常存放1-文本；2-不压缩图像；3-h5混合开发相关文件；4-音视频文件</li>
<li>不同于res/raw，assets下文件不能使用R.xx.id引用</li>
</ol>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方法</th>
<th>功能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>list(String path)</td>
<td>获取path下的文件和文件夹名称</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>open(String fileName)</td>
<td>打开文件,默认ACCESS_STREAMING模式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>open(String fileName, int accessMode)</td>
<td>指定打开模式。有<br/>未指定：ACCESS_UNKNOWN <br/> 随机：ACCESS_RANDOM <br/>顺序：ACCESS_STREAMING <br/>缓存：ACCESS_BUFFER</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>close()</td>
<td>关闭回收资源</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="2-使用"><a href="#2-使用" class="headerlink" title="2.使用"></a>2.使用</h1><p>加载文本.txt</p>
<img src="https://gitee.com/cupster/picbed/raw/master/uPic/20210220152917_1DH8pq.png" / srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://gitee.com/cupster/picbed/raw/master/uPic/20210220152917_1DH8pq.png" class="lozad post-image">

<p>加载图片</p>
<img src="https:/ srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://gitee.com/cupster/picbed/raw/master/uPic/20210220152953_YVVXbZ.png" class="lozad post-image"/gitee.com/cupster/picbed/raw/master/uPic/20210220152953_YVVXbZ.png"/>

<p>加载h5</p>
<img src="https:/ srcset="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20300%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-src="https://gitee.com/cupster/picbed/raw/master/uPic/20210220153038_I7q8My.png" class="lozad post-image"/gitee.com/cupster/picbed/raw/master/uPic/20210220153038_I7q8My.png"/>

<h2 id="2-1加载文本"><a href="#2-1加载文本" class="headerlink" title="2.1加载文本"></a>2.1加载文本</h2><pre class="highlight"><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">readAssetTxt</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">       String result = <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">       <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">           InputStream is = getAssets().open(<span class="string">&quot;word.txt&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">           <span class="keyword">int</span> lenght = is.available();</span><br><span class="line">           <span class="keyword">byte</span>[]  buffer = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span>[lenght];</span><br><span class="line">           is.read(buffer);</span><br><span class="line">           result = <span class="keyword">new</span> String(buffer, <span class="string">&quot;utf8&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">       &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">           e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">       &#125;</span><br><span class="line">       mTv.setText(<span class="string">&quot;word.txt:\n&quot;</span>+result);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br></pre>


<h2 id="2-2加载图片"><a href="#2-2加载图片" class="headerlink" title="2.2加载图片"></a>2.2加载图片</h2><pre class="highlight"><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">readAssetImg</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Bitmap bitmap = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        InputStream is = getAssets().open(<span class="string">&quot;img/ic_test.png&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (bitmap != <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        mImgShow.setImageBitmap(bitmap);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre>

<h2 id="2-1加载html"><a href="#2-1加载html" class="headerlink" title="2.1加载html"></a>2.1加载html</h2><pre class="highlight"><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">readAssetH5</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    String fileName = <span class="string">&quot;file:///android_asset/index.html&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    mTv.setText(fileName);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    WebViewClient webViewClient = <span class="keyword">new</span> WebViewClient();</span><br><span class="line">    mWebView.setWebViewClient(webViewClient);</span><br><span class="line">    mWebView.loadUrl(fileName);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre>

<h1 id="3-注意"><a href="#3-注意" class="headerlink" title="3.注意"></a>3.注意</h1><ol>
<li>尽量避免存放大文件，会直接影响apk包体积</li>
<li>建议混合开发情形下，才使用assets存放文件</li>
<li>需要直接引用的情形，也可使用/res/raw原始文件的方式</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="4-其他代码"><a href="#4-其他代码" class="headerlink" title="4.其他代码"></a>4.其他代码</h1><p>activity.java</p>
<pre class="highlight"><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MainActivity</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">AppCompatActivity</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    TextView mTv;</span><br><span class="line">    ImageView mImgShow;</span><br><span class="line">    WebView mWebView;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onCreate</span><span class="params">(Bundle savedInstanceState)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState);</span><br><span class="line">        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        findViewById(R.id.btn_read_assets_txt).setOnClickListener(<span class="keyword">new</span> View.OnClickListener() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onClick</span><span class="params">(View view)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">               readAssetTxt();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">        findViewById(R.id.btn_read_assets_img).setOnClickListener(<span class="keyword">new</span> View.OnClickListener() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onClick</span><span class="params">(View view)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                readAssetImg();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">        findViewById(R.id.btn_read_assets_h5).setOnClickListener(<span class="keyword">new</span> View.OnClickListener() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">onClick</span><span class="params">(View view)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                readAssetH5();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">       mTv = findViewById(R.id.tv_content);</span><br><span class="line">       mImgShow= findViewById(R.id.img_show);</span><br><span class="line">       mWebView= findViewById(R.id.web_view);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">       checkPermission();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">readAssetH5</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        String fileName = <span class="string">&quot;file:///android_asset/index.html&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        mTv.setText(fileName);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        WebViewClient webViewClient = <span class="keyword">new</span> WebViewClient();</span><br><span class="line">        mWebView.setWebViewClient(webViewClient);</span><br><span class="line">        mWebView.loadUrl(fileName);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">readAssetImg</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Bitmap bitmap = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            InputStream is = getAssets().open(<span class="string">&quot;img/ic_test.png&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bitmap != <span class="keyword">null</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            mImgShow.setImageBitmap(bitmap);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">readAssetTxt</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        String result = <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            InputStream is = getAssets().open(<span class="string">&quot;word.txt&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">int</span> lenght = is.available();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">byte</span>[]  buffer = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span>[lenght];</span><br><span class="line">            is.read(buffer);</span><br><span class="line">            result = <span class="keyword">new</span> String(buffer, <span class="string">&quot;utf8&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        mTv.setText(<span class="string">&quot;word.txt:\n&quot;</span>+result);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre>


<p>activity_main.xml</p>
<pre class="highlight"><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;?&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout</span> <span class="attr">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="string">&quot;http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">xmlns:app</span>=<span class="string">&quot;http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">xmlns:tools</span>=<span class="string">&quot;http://schemas.android.com/tools&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="string">&quot;match_parent&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="string">&quot;match_parent&quot;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">tools:context</span>=<span class="string">&quot;.MainActivity&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &lt;LinearLayout</span><br><span class="line">        android:layout_width=&quot;match_parent&quot;</span><br><span class="line">        android:layout_height=&quot;match_parent&quot;</span><br><span class="line">        android:gravity=&quot;center&quot;</span><br><span class="line">        android:orientation=&quot;vertical&quot;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf=&quot;parent&quot;</span><br><span class="line">        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf=&quot;parent&quot;</span><br><span class="line">        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf=&quot;parent&quot;</span><br><span class="line">        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf=&quot;parent&quot; &gt;</span><br><span class="line">      </span><br><span class="line">        &lt;Button</span><br><span class="line">            android:id=&quot;@+id/btn_read_assets_txt&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_width=&quot;wrap_content&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_height=&quot;wrap_content&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:text=&quot;read_assets_txt&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            /&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;Button</span><br><span class="line">            android:id=&quot;@+id/btn_read_assets_img&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_width=&quot;wrap_content&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_height=&quot;wrap_content&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:text=&quot;read_assets_img&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            /&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;Button</span><br><span class="line">            android:id=&quot;@+id/btn_read_assets_h5&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_width=&quot;wrap_content&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_height=&quot;wrap_content&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:text=&quot;read_assets_h5&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            /&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;TextView</span><br><span class="line">            android:id=&quot;@+id/tv_content&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_width=&quot;wrap_content&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_height=&quot;wrap_content&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:text=&quot;内容：&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            /&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;ImageView</span><br><span class="line">            android:id=&quot;@+id/img_show&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_width=&quot;80dp&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_height=&quot;80dp&quot;/&gt;</span><br><span class="line">        &lt;WebView</span><br><span class="line">            android:id=&quot;@+id/web_view&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_width=&quot;match_parent&quot;</span><br><span class="line">            android:layout_height=&quot;match_parent&quot;/&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">LinearLayout</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre>



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